A new study from Uppsala University in Sweden reveals how just a few nights of limited sleep can increase the risk of heart disease. Researchers found that sleeping about four hours per night for three consecutive nights caused changes in blood proteins linked to heart problems.
The study focused on inflammatory proteins, which the body produces during stress or illness. When these proteins remain elevated, they can damage blood vessels and increase the chance of heart failure, coronary artery disease, and irregular heartbeat.
Sixteen healthy young men participated in the study. They spent several days in a controlled lab environment where their meals, activity, and light exposure were regulated. The men experienced two sleep conditions: three nights of normal sleep (8.5 hours) and three nights of restricted sleep (4.25 hours). After each sleep phase, they performed a short, intense cycling workout. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise.
Researchers tested nearly 90 different proteins in the blood. They discovered that sleep deprivation raised inflammatory markers tied to heart disease. Normally, exercise increases beneficial proteins that support brain and heart health, such as interleukin-6 and BDNF. However, these positive effects were weaker after poor sleep.
The findings highlight that even short-term sleep loss can trigger molecular changes harmful to heart health. While exercise can help counter some negative effects, it cannot replace the vital functions of sleep.
The study’s lead researcher, Jonathan Cedernaes, emphasized the importance of sleep for cardiovascular health from an early age. He noted that nearly half of Swedes regularly suffer from disturbed sleep, especially shift workers, making this research relevant for public health.
Further research is needed to understand how these effects vary in women, older adults, and people with existing heart conditions. The team hopes their work will guide better recommendations on how sleep, exercise, and lifestyle can prevent heart disease.
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